X-Git-Url: http://git.tuebingen.mpg.de/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Unix_Concepts.m4;h=7f0b5d8b13f55ba701925ed09eeb9f6c417028d3;hb=6db5ba9acf7487b4fad592445e74bdb516d7f9c7;hp=938befcd3590d3a3cb421f79b4dc566addb44f53;hpb=79996651ef472fdf9e09298afa56b4498b05400c;p=aple.git diff --git a/Unix_Concepts.m4 b/Unix_Concepts.m4 index 938befc..7f0b5d8 100644 --- a/Unix_Concepts.m4 +++ b/Unix_Concepts.m4 @@ -145,18 +145,34 @@ interface based on the X window system facilitated cheap workstations which ran a complete open source software stack.
The success of Linux, or GNU/Linux as some prefer to -call it for reasons that should now be clear, has only increased -over time, to the point where commercial Unix systems are mostly -irrelevant. Today Linux runs on a wide variety of machines ranging -from supercomputers to workstations, smart phones and IOT (internet -of things) devices with very limited resources. - -
The same companies which almost killed Unix by commercializing it -in order to maximize their profit make money with Linux today. However, -they had to adjust their business model in order to comply with the -GPL. Rather than selling proprietary software, they bundle open source -software and sell support to paying customers. Some companies also -sell hardware with Linux pre-installed.
+call it for reasons that should now be clear, steadily increased over +time. In 2003 the SCO group, a company which sold a proprietary Unix +system, was unhappy about this progress and sued IBM, which offered +various Linux products. SCO claimed to be the owner of Unix, and that +Linux contained "millions of lines" of code copied from Unix. SCO's +lawyers argued that the success of Linux originated from this theft +of intellectual property and asked for $5 billion as compensation +for the resulting losses. The company also tried to collect taxes +from other Linux users. Microsoft funded SCO in these efforts. + +In the end SCO lost the lawsuit since it was evident that all that +copied code never existed. In fact, the court ruled that SCO did not +even own the Unix copyrights to begin with. Another fun fact is that +the large number of bugs in the early Linux code actually helped to +prove that Linux was original work. The long term effects of this +lawsuit, an improved position of Linux and its ecosystem, last until +the presence. Commercial Unix systems have become irrelevant as Linux +runs on a wide variety of machines ranging from supercomputers to +workstations, smart phones and IOT (internet of things) devices with +very limited resources.
+ +While SCO went bankrupt eventually, some of the companies which +almost killed Unix by maximizing their own profit still exist, and +make money with Linux today. However, they had to adjust their +business model in order to comply with the GPL. Rather than selling +proprietary software, they bundle open source software and sell +support to paying customers. Some companies also sell hardware with +Linux pre-installed.
SUBSECTION(«Linux Distributions») @@ -202,10 +218,6 @@ EXERCISES()uname -a
on various Unix machines to see the
OS type and the kernel version. aptitude search
python
to list all python-related Ubuntu packages. Run
aptitude show python-biopython
to see the description
@@ -796,11 +800,11 @@ as described below.
- | Directories | -Non-directories | ++ | Directories | +Non-directories | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r |
+ r |
The permission to list the directory contents. More precisely,
this bit grants the permission to call opendir(3)
@@ -813,7 +817,7 @@ as described below.
fail for other reasons, though.
| ||||||||
w |
+ w |
The permission to add or remove directory entries. That is, to create new files or to remove existing files. Note that write @@ -827,7 +831,7 @@ as described below. permissions. | ||||||||
x |
+ x |
The permission to search the directory. Searching
a directory means to access its entries, either by retrieving
@@ -858,9 +862,9 @@ three digits.
|