Merge branch 't/recycling'
[dss.git] / dss.c
diff --git a/dss.c b/dss.c
index 8b8e4bb5f69a0629381548de70ec2c43c3b30154..3508d38d798c1af448398c2de1d0b438a61bb4e4 100644 (file)
--- a/dss.c
+++ b/dss.c
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Andre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the GPL v2. For licencing details see COPYING.
+ */
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include "signal.h"
 #include "df.h"
 #include "time.h"
+#include "snap.h"
 
-
-struct gengetopt_args_info conf;
-char *dss_error_txt = NULL;
+/** Command line and config file options. */
+static struct gengetopt_args_info conf;
+/** Non-NULL if we log to a file. */
 static FILE *logfile;
+/** The read end of the signal pipe */
 static int signal_pipe;
-
-/** Process id of current rsync process. */
-static pid_t rsync_pid;
-/** Whether the rsync process is currently stopped */
-static int rsync_stopped;
-/** Process id of current rm process. */
-static pid_t rm_pid;
+/** Process id of current pre-create-hook/rsync/post-create-hook process. */
+static pid_t create_pid;
+/** Whether the pre-create-hook/rsync/post-create-hook is currently stopped. */
+static int create_process_stopped;
+/** Process id of current pre-remove/rm/post-remove process. */
+static pid_t remove_pid;
 /** When the next snapshot is due. */
-struct timeval next_snapshot_time;
-/* Creation time of the snapshot currently being created. */
-int64_t current_snapshot_creation_time;
+static int64_t next_snapshot_time;
+/** When to try to remove something. */
+static struct timeval next_removal_check;
+/** Creation time of the snapshot currently being created. */
+static int64_t current_snapshot_creation_time;
+/** The snapshot currently being removed. */
+struct snapshot *snapshot_currently_being_removed;
+/** Needed by the post-create hook. */
+static char *path_to_last_complete_snapshot;
+static char *name_of_reference_snapshot;
+/** \sa \ref snap.h for details. */
+enum hook_status snapshot_creation_status;
+/** \sa \ref snap.h for details. */
+enum hook_status snapshot_removal_status;
 
 
 DEFINE_DSS_ERRLIST;
+static const char const *hook_status_description[] = {HOOK_STATUS_ARRAY};
+
+/* may be called with ds == NULL. */
+static int disk_space_low(struct disk_space *ds)
+{
+       struct disk_space ds_struct;
+
+       if (!ds) {
+               int ret = get_disk_space(".", &ds_struct);
+               if (ret < 0)
+                       return ret;
+               ds = &ds_struct;
+       }
+       if (conf.min_free_mb_arg)
+               if (ds->free_mb < conf.min_free_mb_arg)
+                       return 1;
+       if (conf.min_free_percent_arg)
+               if (ds->percent_free < conf.min_free_percent_arg)
+                       return 1;
+       if (conf.min_free_percent_inodes_arg)
+               if (ds->percent_free_inodes < conf.min_free_percent_inodes_arg)
+                       return 1;
+       return 0;
+}
 
+static void dump_dss_config(const char *msg)
+{
+       const char dash[] = "-----------------------------";
+       int ret;
+       FILE *log = logfile? logfile : stderr;
+       struct disk_space ds;
+       int64_t now = get_current_time();
+
+       if (conf.loglevel_arg > INFO)
+               return;
+
+       fprintf(log, "%s <%s config> %s\n", dash, msg, dash);
+       fprintf(log, "\n*** disk space ***\n\n");
+       ret = get_disk_space(".", &ds);
+       if (ret >= 0) {
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("disk space low: %s\n", disk_space_low(&ds)?
+                       "yes" : "no");
+               log_disk_space(&ds);
+       } else
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("can not get free disk space: %s\n",
+                       dss_strerror(-ret));
+
+       /* we continue on errors from get_disk_space */
+
+       fprintf(log, "\n*** command line and config file options ***\n\n");
+       cmdline_parser_dump(log, &conf);
+       fprintf(log, "\n*** internal state ***\n\n");
+       fprintf(log,
+               "pid: %d\n"
+               "logile: %s\n"
+               "snapshot_currently_being_removed: %s\n"
+               "path_to_last_complete_snapshot: %s\n"
+               "reference_snapshot: %s\n"
+               "snapshot_creation_status: %s\n"
+               "snapshot_removal_status: %s\n"
+               ,
+               (int) getpid(),
+               logfile? conf.logfile_arg : "stderr",
+               snapshot_currently_being_removed?
+                       snapshot_currently_being_removed->name : "(none)",
+               path_to_last_complete_snapshot?
+                       path_to_last_complete_snapshot : "(none)",
+               name_of_reference_snapshot?
+                       name_of_reference_snapshot : "(none)",
+               hook_status_description[snapshot_creation_status],
+               hook_status_description[snapshot_removal_status]
+       );
+       if (create_pid != 0)
+               fprintf(log,
+                       "create_pid: %" PRId32 "\n"
+                       "create process is %sstopped\n"
+                       ,
+                       create_pid,
+                       create_process_stopped? "" : "not "
+               );
+       if (remove_pid != 0)
+               fprintf(log, "remove_pid: %" PRId32 "\n", remove_pid);
+       if (next_snapshot_time != 0)
+               fprintf(log, "next snapshot due in %" PRId64 " seconds\n",
+                       next_snapshot_time - now);
+       if (current_snapshot_creation_time != 0)
+               fprintf(log, "current_snapshot_creation_time: %"
+                       PRId64 " (%" PRId64 " seconds ago)\n",
+                       current_snapshot_creation_time,
+                       now - current_snapshot_creation_time
+               );
+       if (next_removal_check.tv_sec != 0) {
+               fprintf(log, "next removal check: %llu (%llu seconds ago)\n",
+                       (long long unsigned)next_removal_check.tv_sec,
+                       now - (long long unsigned)next_removal_check.tv_sec
+               );
+
+       }
+       fprintf(log, "%s </%s config> %s\n", dash, msg, dash);
+}
 
 /* a litte cpp magic helps to DRY */
 #define COMMANDS \
@@ -55,53 +171,27 @@ DEFINE_DSS_ERRLIST;
        COMMAND(create) \
        COMMAND(prune) \
        COMMAND(run)
-#define COMMAND(x) int com_ ##x(void);
+#define COMMAND(x) static int com_ ##x(void);
 COMMANDS
 #undef COMMAND
 #define COMMAND(x) if (conf.x ##_given) return com_ ##x();
-int call_command_handler(void)
+static int call_command_handler(void)
 {
        COMMANDS
        DSS_EMERG_LOG("BUG: did not find command handler\n");
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+       return -E_BUG;
 }
 #undef COMMAND
 #undef COMMANDS
 
-/*
- * complete, not being deleted: 1204565370-1204565371.Sun_Mar_02_2008_14_33-Sun_Mar_02_2008_14_43
- * complete, being deleted: 1204565370-1204565371.being_deleted
- * incomplete, not being deleted: 1204565370-incomplete
- * incomplete, being deleted: 1204565370-incomplete.being_deleted
- */
-enum snapshot_status_flags {
-       /** The rsync process terminated successfully. */
-       SS_COMPLETE = 1,
-       /** The rm process is running to remove this snapshot. */
-       SS_BEING_DELETED = 2,
-};
-
-struct snapshot {
-       char *name;
-       int64_t creation_time;
-       int64_t completion_time;
-       enum snapshot_status_flags flags;
-       unsigned interval;
-};
-
-/*
- * An edge snapshot is either the oldest one or the newest one.
+/**
+ * The log function of dss.
+ *
+ * \param ll Loglevel.
+ * \param fml Usual format string.
  *
- * We need to find either of them occasionally: The create code
- * needs to know the newest snapshot because that is the one
- * used as the link destination dir. The pruning code needs to
- * find the oldest one in case disk space becomes low.
+ * All DSS_XXX_LOG() macros use this function.
  */
-struct edge_snapshot_data {
-       int64_t now;
-       struct snapshot snap;
-};
-
 __printf_2_3 void dss_log(int ll, const char* fmt,...)
 {
        va_list argp;
@@ -127,7 +217,7 @@ __printf_2_3 void dss_log(int ll, const char* fmt,...)
 /**
  * Print a message either to stdout or to the log file.
  */
-__printf_1_2 void dss_msg(const char* fmt,...)
+static __printf_1_2 void dss_msg(const char* fmt,...)
 {
        FILE *outfd = conf.daemon_given? logfile : stdout;
        va_list argp;
@@ -136,236 +226,433 @@ __printf_1_2 void dss_msg(const char* fmt,...)
        va_end(argp);
 }
 
-/**
- * Return the desired number of snapshots of an interval.
- */
-unsigned num_snapshots(int interval)
+static void dss_get_snapshot_list(struct snapshot_list *sl)
 {
-       unsigned n;
+       get_snapshot_list(sl, conf.unit_interval_arg, conf.num_intervals_arg);
+}
 
-       assert(interval >= 0);
+static int64_t compute_next_snapshot_time(void)
+{
+       int64_t x = 0, now = get_current_time(), unit_interval
+               = 24 * 3600 * conf.unit_interval_arg, ret;
+       unsigned wanted = desired_number_of_snapshots(0, conf.num_intervals_arg),
+               num_complete_snapshots = 0;
+       int i;
+       struct snapshot *s = NULL;
+       struct snapshot_list sl;
 
-       if (interval >= conf.num_intervals_arg)
-               return 0;
-       n = conf.num_intervals_arg - interval - 1;
-       return 1 << n;
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, &sl) {
+               if (!(s->flags & SS_COMPLETE))
+                       continue;
+               num_complete_snapshots++;
+               x += s->completion_time - s->creation_time;
+       }
+       assert(x >= 0);
+
+       ret = now;
+       if (num_complete_snapshots == 0)
+               goto out;
+       x /= num_complete_snapshots; /* avg time to create one snapshot */
+       if (unit_interval < x * wanted) /* oops, no sleep at all */
+               goto out;
+       ret = s->completion_time + unit_interval / wanted - x;
+out:
+       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/* return: Whether dirname is a snapshot directory (0: no, 1: yes) */
-int is_snapshot(const char *dirname, int64_t now, struct snapshot *s)
+static inline void invalidate_next_snapshot_time(void)
 {
-       int i, ret;
-       char *dash, *dot, *tmp;
-       int64_t num;
+       next_snapshot_time = 0;
+}
 
-       assert(dirname);
-       dash = strchr(dirname, '-');
-       if (!dash || !dash[1] || dash == dirname)
-               return 0;
-       for (i = 0; dirname[i] != '-'; i++)
-               if (!isdigit(dirname[i]))
-                       return 0;
-       tmp = dss_strdup(dirname);
-       tmp[i] = '\0';
-       ret = dss_atoi64(tmp, &num);
-       free(tmp);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               free(dss_error_txt);
-               return 0;
-       }
-       assert(num >= 0);
-       if (num > now)
-               return 0;
-       s->creation_time = num;
-       //DSS_DEBUG_LOG("%s start time: %lli\n", dirname, (long long)s->creation_time);
-       s->interval = (long long) ((now - s->creation_time)
-               / conf.unit_interval_arg / 24 / 3600);
-       if (!strcmp(dash + 1, "incomplete")) {
-               s->completion_time = -1;
-               s->flags = 0; /* neither complete, nor being deleted */
-               goto success;
-       }
-       if (!strcmp(dash + 1, "incomplete.being_deleted")) {
-               s->completion_time = -1;
-               s->flags = SS_BEING_DELETED; /* mot cpmplete, being deleted */
-               goto success;
-       }
-       tmp = dash + 1;
-       dot = strchr(tmp, '.');
-       if (!dot || !dot[1] || dot == tmp)
-               return 0;
-       for (i = 0; tmp[i] != '.'; i++)
-               if (!isdigit(tmp[i]))
-                       return 0;
-       tmp = dss_strdup(dash + 1);
-       tmp[i] = '\0';
-       ret = dss_atoi64(tmp, &num);
-       free(tmp);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               free(dss_error_txt);
-               return 0;
+static inline int next_snapshot_time_is_valid(void)
+{
+       return next_snapshot_time != 0;
+}
+
+static int next_snapshot_is_due(void)
+{
+       int64_t now = get_current_time();
+
+       if (!next_snapshot_time_is_valid())
+               next_snapshot_time = compute_next_snapshot_time();
+       if (next_snapshot_time <= now) {
+               DSS_DEBUG_LOG("next snapshot: now\n");
+               return 1;
        }
-       if (num > now)
-               return 0;
-       s->completion_time = num;
-       s->flags = SS_COMPLETE;
-       if (!strcmp(dot + 1, "being_deleted"))
-               s->flags |= SS_BEING_DELETED;
-success:
-       s->name = dss_strdup(dirname);
-       return 1;
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("next snapshot due in %" PRId64 " seconds\n",
+               next_snapshot_time - now);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int64_t get_current_time(void)
+static int pre_create_hook(void)
 {
-       time_t now;
-       time(&now);
-       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("now: %lli\n", (long long) now);
-       return (int64_t)now;
+       int ret, fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+
+       assert(snapshot_creation_status == HS_READY);
+       /* make sure that the next snapshot time will be recomputed */
+       invalidate_next_snapshot_time();
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("executing %s\n", conf.pre_create_hook_arg);
+       ret = dss_exec_cmdline_pid(&create_pid,
+               conf.pre_create_hook_arg, fds);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       snapshot_creation_status = HS_PRE_RUNNING;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-char *incomplete_name(int64_t start)
+static int pre_remove_hook(struct snapshot *s, const char *why)
 {
-       return make_message("%lli-incomplete", (long long)start);
+       int ret, fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       char *cmd;
+
+       if (!s)
+               return 0;
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("%s snapshot %s\n", why, s->name);
+       assert(snapshot_removal_status == HS_READY);
+       assert(remove_pid == 0);
+       assert(!snapshot_currently_being_removed);
+
+       snapshot_currently_being_removed = dss_malloc(sizeof(struct snapshot));
+       *snapshot_currently_being_removed = *s;
+       snapshot_currently_being_removed->name = dss_strdup(s->name);
+
+       cmd = make_message("%s %s/%s", conf.pre_remove_hook_arg,
+               conf.dest_dir_arg, s->name);
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("executing %s\n", cmd);
+       ret = dss_exec_cmdline_pid(&remove_pid, cmd, fds);
+       free(cmd);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_PRE_RUNNING;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-char *being_deleted_name(struct snapshot *s)
+static int exec_rm(void)
 {
-       if (s->flags & SS_COMPLETE)
-               return make_message("%lli-%lli.being_deleted",
-                       (long long)s->creation_time,
-                       (long long)s->completion_time);
-       return make_message("%lli-incomplete.being_deleted",
-               (long long)s->creation_time);
+       struct snapshot *s = snapshot_currently_being_removed;
+       int fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       char *new_name = being_deleted_name(s);
+       char *argv[] = {"rm", "-rf", new_name, NULL};
+       int ret;
+
+       assert(snapshot_removal_status == HS_PRE_SUCCESS);
+       assert(remove_pid == 0);
+
+       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("removing %s (interval = %i)\n", s->name, s->interval);
+       ret = dss_rename(s->name, new_name);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       ret = dss_exec(&remove_pid, argv[0], argv, fds);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_RUNNING;
+out:
+       free(new_name);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int complete_name(int64_t start, int64_t end, char **result)
+static int snapshot_is_being_created(struct snapshot *s)
 {
-       struct tm start_tm, end_tm;
-       time_t *start_seconds = (time_t *) (uint64_t *)&start; /* STFU, gcc */
-       time_t *end_seconds = (time_t *) (uint64_t *)&end; /* STFU, gcc */
-       char start_str[200], end_str[200];
-
-       if (!localtime_r(start_seconds, &start_tm)) {
-               make_err_msg("%lli", (long long)start);
-               return -E_LOCALTIME;
-       }
-       if (!localtime_r(end_seconds, &end_tm)) {
-               make_err_msg("%lli", (long long)end);
-               return -E_LOCALTIME;
-       }
-       if (!strftime(start_str, sizeof(start_str), "%a_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S", &start_tm)) {
-               make_err_msg("%lli", (long long)start);
-               return -E_STRFTIME;
-       }
-       if (!strftime(end_str, sizeof(end_str), "%a_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S", &end_tm)) {
-               make_err_msg("%lli", (long long)end);
-               return -E_STRFTIME;
+       return s->creation_time == current_snapshot_creation_time;
+}
+
+static struct snapshot *find_orphaned_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+{
+       struct snapshot *s;
+       int i;
+
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("looking for orphaned snapshots\n");
+       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
+               if (snapshot_is_being_created(s))
+                       continue;
+               /*
+                * We know that no rm is currently running, so if s is marked
+                * as being deleted, a previously started rm must have failed.
+                */
+               if (s->flags & SS_BEING_DELETED)
+                       return s;
+
+               if (s->flags & SS_COMPLETE) /* good snapshot */
+                       continue;
+               /*
+                * This snapshot is incomplete and it is not the snapshot
+                * currently being created. However, we must not remove it if
+                * rsync is about to be restarted. As only the newest snapshot
+                * can be restarted, this snapshot is orphaned if it is not the
+                * newest snapshot or if we are not about to restart rsync.
+                */
+               if (get_newest_snapshot(sl) != s)
+                       return s;
+               if (snapshot_creation_status != HS_NEEDS_RESTART)
+                       return s;
        }
-       *result = make_message("%lli-%lli.%s-%s", (long long) start, (long long) end,
-               start_str, end_str);
-       return 1;
+       /* no orphaned snapshots */
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-struct snapshot_list {
-       int64_t now;
-       unsigned num_snapshots;
-       unsigned array_size;
-       struct snapshot **snapshots;
-       /**
-        * Array of size num_intervals + 1
-        *
-        * It contains the number of snapshots in each interval. interval_count[num_intervals]
-        * is the number of snapshots which belong to any interval greater than num_intervals.
-        */
-       unsigned *interval_count;
-};
+static int is_reference_snapshot(struct snapshot *s)
+{
+       if (!name_of_reference_snapshot)
+               return 0;
+       return strcmp(s->name, name_of_reference_snapshot)? 0 : 1;
+}
 
-#define FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) \
-       for ((i) = 0; (i) < (sl)->num_snapshots && ((s) = (sl)->snapshots[(i)]); (i)++)
+/*
+ * return: 0: no redundant snapshots, 1: rm process started, negative: error
+ */
+static struct snapshot *find_redundant_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+{
+       int i, interval;
+       struct snapshot *s;
+       unsigned missing = 0;
 
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("looking for intervals containing too many snapshots\n");
+       for (interval = conf.num_intervals_arg - 1; interval >= 0; interval--) {
+               unsigned keep = desired_number_of_snapshots(interval, conf.num_intervals_arg);
+               unsigned num = sl->interval_count[interval];
+               struct snapshot *victim = NULL, *prev = NULL;
+               int64_t score = LONG_MAX;
 
+               if (keep >= num)
+                       missing += keep - num;
+//             DSS_DEBUG_LOG("interval %i: keep: %u, have: %u, missing: %u\n",
+//                     interval, keep, num, missing);
+               if (keep + missing >= num)
+                       continue;
+               /* redundant snapshot in this interval, pick snapshot with lowest score */
+               FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
+                       int64_t this_score;
+
+                       if (snapshot_is_being_created(s))
+                               continue;
+                       if (is_reference_snapshot(s))
+                               continue;
+                       //DSS_DEBUG_LOG("checking %s\n", s->name);
+                       if (s->interval > interval) {
+                               prev = s;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (s->interval < interval)
+                               break;
+                       if (!victim) {
+                               victim = s;
+                               prev = s;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       assert(prev);
+                       /* check if s is a better victim */
+                       this_score = s->creation_time - prev->creation_time;
+                       assert(this_score >= 0);
+                       //DSS_DEBUG_LOG("%s: score %lli\n", s->name, (long long)score);
+                       if (this_score < score) {
+                               score = this_score;
+                               victim = s;
+                       }
+                       prev = s;
+               }
+               assert(victim);
+               return victim;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-#define NUM_COMPARE(x, y) ((int)((x) < (y)) - (int)((x) > (y)))
+static struct snapshot *find_outdated_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct snapshot *s;
+
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("looking for snapshots belonging to intervals >= %d\n",
+               conf.num_intervals_arg);
+       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
+               if (snapshot_is_being_created(s))
+                       continue;
+               if (is_reference_snapshot(s))
+                       continue;
+               if (s->interval < conf.num_intervals_arg)
+                       continue;
+               return s;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-static int compare_snapshots(const void *a, const void *b)
+struct snapshot *find_oldest_removable_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
 {
-       struct snapshot *s1 = *(struct snapshot **)a;
-       struct snapshot *s2 = *(struct snapshot **)b;
-       return NUM_COMPARE(s2->creation_time, s1->creation_time);
+       int i;
+       struct snapshot *s;
+       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
+               if (snapshot_is_being_created(s))
+                       continue;
+               if (is_reference_snapshot(s))
+                       continue;
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("oldest removable snapshot: %s\n", s->name);
+               return s;
+       }
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Compute the minimum of \a a and \a b. */
-#define DSS_MIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+static int rename_incomplete_snapshot(int64_t start)
+{
+       char *old_name;
+       int ret;
+
+       free(path_to_last_complete_snapshot);
+       ret = complete_name(start, get_current_time(),
+               &path_to_last_complete_snapshot);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       old_name = incomplete_name(start);
+       ret = dss_rename(old_name, path_to_last_complete_snapshot);
+       if (ret >= 0)
+               DSS_NOTICE_LOG("%s -> %s\n", old_name,
+                       path_to_last_complete_snapshot);
+       free(old_name);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-int add_snapshot(const char *dirname, void *private)
+static int try_to_free_disk_space(void)
 {
-       struct snapshot_list *sl = private;
-       struct snapshot s;
-       int ret = is_snapshot(dirname, sl->now, &s);
+       int ret;
+       struct snapshot_list sl;
+       struct snapshot *victim;
+       struct timeval now;
+       const char *why;
+       int low_disk_space;
 
-       if (!ret)
-               return 1;
-       if (sl->num_snapshots >= sl->array_size) {
-               sl->array_size = 2 * sl->array_size + 1;
-               sl->snapshots = dss_realloc(sl->snapshots,
-                       sl->array_size * sizeof(struct snapshot *));
+       ret = disk_space_low(NULL);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       low_disk_space = ret;
+       gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+       if (tv_diff(&next_removal_check, &now, NULL) > 0)
+               return 0;
+       if (!low_disk_space) {
+               if (conf.keep_redundant_given)
+                       return 0;
+               if (snapshot_creation_status != HS_READY)
+                       return 0;
+               if (next_snapshot_is_due())
+                       return 0;
        }
-       sl->snapshots[sl->num_snapshots] = dss_malloc(sizeof(struct snapshot));
-       *(sl->snapshots[sl->num_snapshots]) = s;
-       sl->interval_count[DSS_MIN(s.interval, conf.num_intervals_arg)]++;
-       sl->num_snapshots++;
-       return 1;
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       ret = 0;
+       if (!low_disk_space && sl.num_snapshots <= 1)
+               goto out;
+       why = "outdated";
+       victim = find_outdated_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto remove;
+       why = "redundant";
+       victim = find_redundant_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto remove;
+       /* try harder only if disk space is low */
+       if (!low_disk_space)
+               goto out;
+       why = "orphaned";
+       victim = find_orphaned_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto remove;
+       DSS_WARNING_LOG("disk space low and nothing obvious to remove\n");
+       victim = find_oldest_removable_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto remove;
+       DSS_CRIT_LOG("uhuhu: disk space low and nothing to remove\n");
+       ret = -ERRNO_TO_DSS_ERROR(ENOSPC);
+       goto out;
+remove:
+       ret = pre_remove_hook(victim, why);
+out:
+       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-void get_snapshot_list(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+static int post_create_hook(void)
 {
-       sl->now = get_current_time();
-       sl->num_snapshots = 0;
-       sl->array_size = 0;
-       sl->snapshots = NULL;
-       sl->interval_count = dss_calloc((conf.num_intervals_arg + 1) * sizeof(unsigned));
-       for_each_subdir(add_snapshot, sl);
-       qsort(sl->snapshots, sl->num_snapshots, sizeof(struct snapshot *),
-               compare_snapshots);
+       int ret, fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       char *cmd;
+
+       cmd = make_message("%s %s/%s", conf.post_create_hook_arg,
+               conf.dest_dir_arg, path_to_last_complete_snapshot);
+       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("executing %s\n", cmd);
+       ret = dss_exec_cmdline_pid(&create_pid, cmd, fds);
+       free(cmd);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       snapshot_creation_status = HS_POST_RUNNING;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-void free_snapshot_list(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+static int post_remove_hook(void)
 {
-       int i;
-       struct snapshot *s;
+       int ret, fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       char *cmd;
+       struct snapshot *s = snapshot_currently_being_removed;
 
-       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
-               free(s->name);
-               free(s);
+       assert(s);
+
+       cmd = make_message("%s %s/%s", conf.post_remove_hook_arg,
+               conf.dest_dir_arg, s->name);
+       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("executing %s\n", cmd);
+       ret = dss_exec_cmdline_pid(&remove_pid, cmd, fds);
+       free(cmd);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_POST_RUNNING;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void dss_kill(pid_t pid, int sig, const char *msg)
+{
+       const char *signame, *process_name;
+
+       if (pid == 0)
+               return;
+       switch (sig) {
+       case SIGTERM: signame = "TERM"; break;
+       case SIGSTOP: signame = "STOP"; break;
+       case SIGCONT: signame = "CONT"; break;
+       default: signame = "????";
        }
-       free(sl->interval_count);
-       sl->interval_count = NULL;
-       free(sl->snapshots);
-       sl->snapshots = NULL;
-       sl->num_snapshots = 0;
+
+       if (pid == create_pid)
+               process_name = "create";
+       else if (pid == remove_pid)
+               process_name = "remove";
+       else process_name = "??????";
+
+       if (msg)
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("%s\n", msg);
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("sending signal %d (%s) to pid %d (%s process)\n",
+               sig, signame, (int)pid, process_name);
+       if (kill(pid, sig) >= 0)
+               return;
+       DSS_INFO_LOG("failed to send signal %d (%s) to pid %d (%s process)\n",
+               sig, signame, (int)pid, process_name);
 }
 
-void stop_rsync_process(void)
+static void stop_create_process(void)
 {
-       if (!rsync_pid || rsync_stopped)
+       if (create_process_stopped)
                return;
-       kill(SIGSTOP, rsync_pid);
-       rsync_stopped = 1;
+       dss_kill(create_pid, SIGSTOP, "suspending create process");
+       create_process_stopped = 1;
 }
 
-void restart_rsync_process(void)
+static void restart_create_process(void)
 {
-       if (!rsync_pid || !rsync_stopped)
+       if (!create_process_stopped)
                return;
-       kill (SIGCONT, rsync_pid);
-       rsync_stopped = 0;
+       dss_kill(create_pid, SIGCONT, "resuming create process");
+       create_process_stopped = 0;
 }
 
 /**
  * Print a log message about the exit status of a child.
  */
-void log_termination_msg(pid_t pid, int status)
+static void log_termination_msg(pid_t pid, int status)
 {
        if (WIFEXITED(status))
                DSS_INFO_LOG("child %i exited. Exit status: %i\n", (int)pid,
@@ -377,7 +664,7 @@ void log_termination_msg(pid_t pid, int status)
                DSS_WARNING_LOG("child %i terminated abormally\n", (int)pid);
 }
 
-int wait_for_process(pid_t pid, int *status)
+static int wait_for_process(pid_t pid, int *status)
 {
        int ret;
 
@@ -403,175 +690,222 @@ int wait_for_process(pid_t pid, int *status)
                        }
                }
                /* SIGINT or SIGTERM */
-               DSS_WARNING_LOG("sending SIGTERM to pid %d\n", (int)pid);
-               kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+               dss_kill(pid, SIGTERM, "killing child process");
        }
        if (ret < 0)
-               make_err_msg("failed to wait for process %d", (int)pid);
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("failed to wait for process %d\n", (int)pid);
        else
                log_termination_msg(pid, *status);
        return ret;
 }
 
-int remove_snapshot(struct snapshot *s)
+static void handle_pre_remove_exit(int status)
 {
-       int fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
-       assert(!rm_pid);
-       char *new_name = being_deleted_name(s);
-       int ret = dss_rename(s->name, new_name);
-       char *argv[] = {"rm", "-rf", new_name, NULL};
-
-       if (ret < 0)
-               goto out;
-       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("removing %s (interval = %i)\n", s->name, s->interval);
-       stop_rsync_process();
-       ret = dss_exec(&rm_pid, argv[0], argv, fds);
-out:
-       free(new_name);
-       return ret;
+       if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
+               snapshot_removal_status = HS_READY;
+               gettimeofday(&next_removal_check, NULL);
+               next_removal_check.tv_sec += 60;
+               return;
+       }
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_PRE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-/*
- * return: 0: no redundant snapshots, 1: rm process started, negative: error
- */
-int remove_redundant_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+static int handle_rm_exit(int status)
 {
-       int ret, i, interval;
-       struct snapshot *s;
-       unsigned missing = 0;
+       if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
+               snapshot_removal_status = HS_READY;
+               return -E_INVOLUNTARY_EXIT;
+       }
+       if (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+               snapshot_removal_status = HS_READY;
+               return -E_BAD_EXIT_CODE;
+       }
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_SUCCESS;
+       return 1;
+}
 
-       DSS_INFO_LOG("looking for intervals containing too many snapshots\n");
-       for (interval = conf.num_intervals_arg - 1; interval >= 0; interval--) {
-               unsigned keep = num_snapshots(interval);
-               unsigned num = sl->interval_count[interval];
-               struct snapshot *victim = NULL, *prev = NULL;
-               int64_t score = LONG_MAX;
+static void handle_post_remove_exit(void)
+{
+       snapshot_removal_status = HS_READY;
+}
 
-               if (keep >= num)
-                       missing += keep - num;
-               DSS_DEBUG_LOG("interval %i: keep: %u, have: %u, missing: %u\n",
-                       interval, keep, num, missing);
-               if (keep + missing >= num)
-                       continue;
-               /* redundant snapshot in this interval, pick snapshot with lowest score */
-               FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
-                       int64_t this_score;
+static int handle_remove_exit(int status)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct snapshot *s = snapshot_currently_being_removed;
 
-                       //DSS_DEBUG_LOG("checking %s\n", s->name);
-                       if (s->interval > interval) {
-                               prev = s;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       if (s->interval < interval)
-                               break;
-                       if (!victim) {
-                               victim = s;
-                               prev = s;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       assert(prev);
-                       /* check if s is a better victim */
-                       this_score = s->creation_time - prev->creation_time;
-                       assert(this_score >= 0);
-                       //DSS_DEBUG_LOG("%s: score %lli\n", s->name, (long long)score);
-                       if (this_score < score) {
-                               score = this_score;
-                               victim = s;
-                       }
-                       prev = s;
-               }
-               assert(victim);
-               if (conf.dry_run_given) {
-                       dss_msg("%s would be removed (interval = %i)\n",
-                               victim->name, victim->interval);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               ret = remove_snapshot(victim);
-               return ret < 0? ret : 1;
+       assert(s);
+       switch (snapshot_removal_status) {
+       case HS_PRE_RUNNING:
+               handle_pre_remove_exit(status);
+               ret = 1;
+               break;
+       case HS_RUNNING:
+               ret = handle_rm_exit(status);
+               break;
+       case HS_POST_RUNNING:
+               handle_post_remove_exit();
+               ret = 1;
+               break;
+       default:
+               ret = -E_BUG;
        }
-       return 0;
+       if (snapshot_removal_status == HS_READY) {
+               free(s->name);
+               free(s);
+               snapshot_currently_being_removed = NULL;
+       }
+       remove_pid = 0;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int remove_outdated_snapshot(struct snapshot_list *sl)
+static int wait_for_remove_process(void)
 {
-       int i, ret;
-       struct snapshot *s;
+       int status, ret;
+
+       assert(remove_pid);
+       assert(
+               snapshot_removal_status == HS_PRE_RUNNING ||
+               snapshot_removal_status == HS_RUNNING ||
+               snapshot_removal_status == HS_POST_RUNNING
+       );
+       ret = wait_for_process(remove_pid, &status);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       return handle_remove_exit(status);
+}
 
-       DSS_INFO_LOG("looking for snapshots belonging to intervals greater than %d\n",
-               conf.num_intervals_arg);
-       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
-               if (s->interval <= conf.num_intervals_arg)
-                       continue;
-               if (conf.dry_run_given) {
-                       dss_msg("%s would be removed (interval = %i)\n",
-                               s->name, s->interval);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               ret = remove_snapshot(s);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       return ret;
-               return 1;
+static int handle_rsync_exit(int status)
+{
+       int es, ret;
+
+       if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("rsync process %d died involuntary\n", (int)create_pid);
+               ret = -E_INVOLUNTARY_EXIT;
+               snapshot_creation_status = HS_READY;
+               goto out;
        }
-       return 0;
+       es = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+       /*
+        * Restart rsync on non-fatal errors:
+        * 12: Error in rsync protocol data stream
+        * 13: Errors with program diagnostics
+        */
+       if (es == 12 || es == 13) {
+               DSS_WARNING_LOG("rsync process %d returned %d -- restarting\n",
+                       (int)create_pid, es);
+               snapshot_creation_status = HS_NEEDS_RESTART;
+               next_snapshot_time = get_current_time() + 60;
+               ret = 1;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (es != 0 && es != 23 && es != 24) {
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("rsync process %d returned %d\n", (int)create_pid, es);
+               ret = -E_BAD_EXIT_CODE;
+               snapshot_creation_status = HS_READY;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       ret = rename_incomplete_snapshot(current_snapshot_creation_time);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       snapshot_creation_status = HS_SUCCESS;
+       free(name_of_reference_snapshot);
+       name_of_reference_snapshot = NULL;
+out:
+       create_process_stopped = 0;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int handle_rm_exit(int status)
+static int handle_pre_create_hook_exit(int status)
 {
        int es, ret;
+       static int warn_count;
 
        if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
-               make_err_msg("rm process %d died involuntary", (int)rm_pid);
+               snapshot_creation_status = HS_READY;
                ret = -E_INVOLUNTARY_EXIT;
                goto out;
        }
        es = WEXITSTATUS(status);
        if (es) {
-               make_err_msg("rm process %d returned %d", (int)rm_pid, es);
-               ret = -E_BAD_EXIT_CODE;
+               if (!warn_count--) {
+                       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("pre_create_hook %s returned %d\n",
+                               conf.pre_create_hook_arg, es);
+                       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("deferring snapshot creation...\n");
+                       warn_count = 60; /* warn only once per hour */
+               }
+               next_snapshot_time = get_current_time() + 60;
+               snapshot_creation_status = HS_READY;
+               ret = 0;
                goto out;
        }
+       warn_count = 0;
+       snapshot_creation_status = HS_PRE_SUCCESS;
        ret = 1;
-       rm_pid = 0;
 out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-int wait_for_rm_process(void)
+static int handle_sigchld(void)
 {
-       int status, ret = wait_for_process(rm_pid, &status);
+       pid_t pid;
+       int status, ret = reap_child(&pid, &status);
 
-       if (ret < 0)
+       if (ret <= 0)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (pid == create_pid) {
+               switch (snapshot_creation_status) {
+               case HS_PRE_RUNNING:
+                       ret = handle_pre_create_hook_exit(status);
+                       break;
+               case HS_RUNNING:
+                       ret = handle_rsync_exit(status);
+                       break;
+               case HS_POST_RUNNING:
+                       snapshot_creation_status = HS_READY;
+                       ret = 1;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       DSS_EMERG_LOG("BUG: create can't die in status %d\n",
+                               snapshot_creation_status);
+                       return -E_BUG;
+               }
+               create_pid = 0;
                return ret;
-       return handle_rm_exit(status);
-}
-
-void kill_process(pid_t pid)
-{
-       if (!pid)
-               return;
-       DSS_WARNING_LOG("sending SIGTERM to pid %d\n", (int)pid);
-       kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+       }
+       if (pid == remove_pid) {
+               ret = handle_remove_exit(status);
+               if (ret < 0)
+                       return ret;
+               return ret;
+       }
+       DSS_EMERG_LOG("BUG: unknown process %d died\n", (int)pid);
+       return -E_BUG;
 }
 
-int check_config(void)
+static int check_config(void)
 {
        if (conf.unit_interval_arg <= 0) {
-               make_err_msg("bad unit interval: %i", conf.unit_interval_arg);
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("bad unit interval: %i\n", conf.unit_interval_arg);
                return -E_INVALID_NUMBER;
        }
        DSS_DEBUG_LOG("unit interval: %i day(s)\n", conf.unit_interval_arg);
        if (conf.num_intervals_arg <= 0) {
-               make_err_msg("bad number of intervals  %i", conf.num_intervals_arg);
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("bad number of intervals  %i\n", conf.num_intervals_arg);
                return -E_INVALID_NUMBER;
        }
        DSS_DEBUG_LOG("number of intervals: %i\n", conf.num_intervals_arg);
        return 1;
 }
 
-/* exits on errors */
-void parse_config_file(int override)
+/*
+ * Returns < 0 on errors, 0 if no config file is given and > 0 if the config
+ * file was read successfully.
+ */
+static int parse_config_file(int override)
 {
-       int ret;
+       int ret, config_file_exists;
        char *config_file;
        struct stat statbuf;
        char *old_logfile_arg = NULL;
@@ -590,19 +924,29 @@ void parse_config_file(int override)
                old_daemon_given = conf.daemon_given;
        }
 
-       ret = stat(config_file, &statbuf);
-       if (ret && conf.config_file_given) {
+       config_file_exists = !stat(config_file, &statbuf);
+       if (!config_file_exists && conf.config_file_given) {
                ret = -ERRNO_TO_DSS_ERROR(errno);
-               make_err_msg("failed to stat config file %s", config_file);
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("failed to stat config file %s\n", config_file);
                goto out;
        }
-       if (!ret) {
+       if (config_file_exists) {
                struct cmdline_parser_params params = {
                        .override = override,
                        .initialize = 0,
                        .check_required = 1,
-                       .check_ambiguity = 0
+                       .check_ambiguity = 0,
+                       .print_errors = 1
                };
+               if (override) { /* invalidate all rsync options */
+                       int i;
+
+                       for (i = 0; i < conf.rsync_option_given; i++) {
+                               free(conf.rsync_option_arg[i]);
+                               conf.rsync_option_arg[i] = NULL;
+                       }
+                       conf.rsync_option_given = 0;
+               }
                cmdline_parser_config_file(config_file, &conf, &params);
        }
        ret = check_config();
@@ -620,96 +964,144 @@ void parse_config_file(int override)
                        conf.logfile_given = 1;
                }
        }
-       if (conf.logfile_given) {
+       if (conf.logfile_given && conf.run_given && conf.daemon_given) {
                logfile = open_log(conf.logfile_arg);
                log_welcome(conf.loglevel_arg);
        }
-       ret = dss_chdir(conf.dest_dir_arg);
+       DSS_DEBUG_LOG("loglevel: %d\n", conf.loglevel_arg);
+       ret = config_file_exists;
 out:
        free(config_file);
-       if (ret >= 0)
-               return;
-       log_err_msg(EMERG, -ret);
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               DSS_EMERG_LOG("%s\n", dss_strerror(-ret));
+       return ret;
 }
 
-void handle_sighup(void)
+static int change_to_dest_dir(void)
 {
-       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("SIGHUP\n");
-       parse_config_file(1);
+       DSS_INFO_LOG("changing cwd to %s\n", conf.dest_dir_arg);
+       return dss_chdir(conf.dest_dir_arg);
 }
 
-int rename_incomplete_snapshot(int64_t start)
+static int handle_sighup(void)
 {
-       char *old_name, *new_name;
        int ret;
 
-       ret = complete_name(start, get_current_time(), &new_name);
+       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("SIGHUP, re-reading config\n");
+       dump_dss_config("old");
+       ret = parse_config_file(1);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
-       old_name = incomplete_name(start);
-       ret = dss_rename(old_name, new_name);
-       if (ret >= 0)
-               DSS_NOTICE_LOG("%s -> %s\n", old_name, new_name);
-       free(old_name);
-       free(new_name);
-       return ret;
+       dump_dss_config("reloaded");
+       invalidate_next_snapshot_time();
+       return change_to_dest_dir();
 }
 
-int handle_rsync_exit(int status)
+static int handle_signal(void)
 {
-       int es, ret;
+       int sig, ret = next_signal();
 
-       if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
-               make_err_msg("rsync process %d died involuntary", (int)rsync_pid);
-               ret = -E_INVOLUNTARY_EXIT;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       es = WEXITSTATUS(status);
-       if (es != 0 && es != 23 && es != 24) {
-               make_err_msg("rsync process %d returned %d", (int)rsync_pid, es);
-               ret = -E_BAD_EXIT_CODE;
+       if (ret <= 0)
                goto out;
+       sig = ret;
+       switch (sig) {
+       case SIGINT:
+       case SIGTERM:
+               restart_create_process();
+               dss_kill(create_pid, SIGTERM, NULL);
+               dss_kill(remove_pid, SIGTERM, NULL);
+               ret = -E_SIGNAL;
+               break;
+       case SIGHUP:
+               ret = handle_sighup();
+               break;
+       case SIGCHLD:
+               ret = handle_sigchld();
+               break;
        }
-       ret = rename_incomplete_snapshot(current_snapshot_creation_time);
 out:
-       rsync_pid = 0;
-       current_snapshot_creation_time = 0;
-       rsync_stopped = 0;
+       if (ret < 0)
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("%s\n", dss_strerror(-ret));
        return ret;
 }
 
-int get_newest_complete(const char *dirname, void *private)
+/*
+ * We can not use rsync locally if the local user is different from the remote
+ * user or if the src dir is not on the local host (or both).
+ */
+static int use_rsync_locally(char *logname)
 {
-       struct edge_snapshot_data *esd = private;
-       struct snapshot s;
-       int ret = is_snapshot(dirname, esd->now, &s);
+       char *h = conf.remote_host_arg;
 
-       if (ret <= 0)
-               return 1;
-       if (s.flags != SS_COMPLETE) /* incomplete or being deleted */
-               return 1;
-       if (s.creation_time < esd->snap.creation_time)
-               return 1;
-       free(esd->snap.name);
-       esd->snap = s;
+       if (strcmp(h, "localhost") && strcmp(h, "127.0.0.1"))
+               return 0;
+       if (conf.remote_user_given && strcmp(conf.remote_user_arg, logname))
+               return 0;
        return 1;
 }
 
-__malloc char *name_of_newest_complete_snapshot(void)
+static int rename_resume_snap(int64_t creation_time)
 {
-       struct edge_snapshot_data esd = {
-               .now = get_current_time(),
-               .snap = {.creation_time = -1}
-       };
-       for_each_subdir(get_newest_complete, &esd);
-       return esd.snap.name;
+       struct snapshot_list sl = {.num_snapshots = 0};
+       struct snapshot *s = NULL;
+       char *new_name = incomplete_name(creation_time);
+       int ret;
+       const char *why;
+
+       ret = 0;
+       if (conf.no_resume_given)
+               goto out;
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       /*
+        * Snapshot recycling: We first look at the newest snapshot. If this
+        * snapshot happens to be incomplete, the last rsync process was
+        * aborted and we reuse this one. Otherwise we look at snapshots which
+        * could be removed (outdated and redundant snapshots) as candidates
+        * for recycling. If no outdated/redundant snapshot exists, we check if
+        * there is an orphaned snapshot, which likely is useless anyway.
+        *
+        * Only if no existing snapshot is suitable for recycling, we bite the
+        * bullet and create a new one.
+        */
+       s = get_newest_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (!s) /* no snapshots at all */
+               goto out;
+       /* re-use last snapshot if it is incomplete */
+       why = "aborted";
+       if ((s->flags & SS_COMPLETE) == 0)
+               goto out;
+       why = "outdated";
+       s = find_outdated_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (s)
+               goto out;
+       why = "redundant";
+       s = find_redundant_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (s)
+               goto out;
+       why = "orphaned";
+       s = find_orphaned_snapshot(&sl);
+out:
+       if (s) {
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("reusing %s snapshot %s\n", why, s->name);
+               ret = dss_rename(s->name, new_name);
+       }
+       if (ret >= 0)
+               DSS_NOTICE_LOG("creating new snapshot %s\n", new_name);
+       free(new_name);
+       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-void create_rsync_argv(char ***argv, int64_t *num)
+static void create_rsync_argv(char ***argv, int64_t *num)
 {
-       char *logname, *newest = name_of_newest_complete_snapshot();
+       char *logname;
        int i = 0, j;
+       struct snapshot_list sl;
+
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       assert(!name_of_reference_snapshot);
+       name_of_reference_snapshot = name_of_newest_complete_snapshot(&sl);
+       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
 
        *argv = dss_malloc((15 + conf.rsync_option_given) * sizeof(char *));
        (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup("rsync");
@@ -717,19 +1109,14 @@ void create_rsync_argv(char ***argv, int64_t *num)
        (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup("--delete");
        for (j = 0; j < conf.rsync_option_given; j++)
                (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup(conf.rsync_option_arg[j]);
-       if (newest) {
-               DSS_INFO_LOG("using %s as reference snapshot\n", newest);
-               (*argv)[i++] = make_message("--link-dest=../%s", newest);
-               free(newest);
+       if (name_of_reference_snapshot) {
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("using %s as reference\n", name_of_reference_snapshot);
+               (*argv)[i++] = make_message("--link-dest=../%s",
+                       name_of_reference_snapshot);
        } else
-               DSS_INFO_LOG("no previous snapshot found\n");
-       if (conf.exclude_patterns_given) {
-               (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup("--exclude-from");
-               (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup(conf.exclude_patterns_arg);
-
-       }
+               DSS_INFO_LOG("no suitable reference snapshot found\n");
        logname = dss_logname();
-       if (conf.remote_user_given && !strcmp(conf.remote_user_arg, logname))
+       if (use_rsync_locally(logname))
                (*argv)[i++] = dss_strdup(conf.source_dir_arg);
        else
                (*argv)[i++] = make_message("%s@%s:%s/", conf.remote_user_given?
@@ -743,331 +1130,277 @@ void create_rsync_argv(char ***argv, int64_t *num)
                DSS_DEBUG_LOG("argv[%d] = %s\n", j, (*argv)[j]);
 }
 
-void free_rsync_argv(char **argv)
+static void free_rsync_argv(char **argv)
 {
        int i;
+
+       if (!argv)
+               return;
        for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
                free(argv[i]);
        free(argv);
 }
 
-int create_snapshot(char **argv)
-{
-       int fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
-       char *name = incomplete_name(current_snapshot_creation_time);
-
-       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("creating new snapshot %s\n", name);
-       free(name);
-       return dss_exec(&rsync_pid, argv[0], argv, fds);
-}
-
-void compute_next_snapshot_time(struct snapshot_list *sl)
-{
-       struct timeval now, unit_interval = {.tv_sec = 24 * 3600 * conf.unit_interval_arg},
-               tmp, diff;
-       int64_t x = 0;
-       unsigned wanted = num_snapshots(0), num_complete_snapshots = 0;
-       int i, ret;
-       struct snapshot *s;
-
-       gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, sl) {
-               if (!(s->flags & SS_COMPLETE))
-                       continue;
-               num_complete_snapshots++;
-               x += s->completion_time - s->creation_time;
-       }
-       assert(x >= 0);
-       if (num_complete_snapshots)
-               x /= num_complete_snapshots; /* avg time to create one snapshot */
-       x *= wanted; /* time to create all snapshots in interval 0 */
-       tmp.tv_sec = x;
-       tmp.tv_usec = 0;
-       ret = tv_diff(&unit_interval, &tmp, &diff); /* time between creation */
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               next_snapshot_time = now;
-               return;
-       }
-       tv_divide(wanted, &diff, &tmp);
-       tv_add(&now, &tmp, &next_snapshot_time);
-}
-
-void handle_signal(void)
-{
-       int sig, ret = next_signal();
-
-       if (ret <= 0)
-               goto out;
-       sig = ret;
-       switch (sig) {
-               int status;
-               pid_t pid;
-       case SIGINT:
-       case SIGTERM:
-               restart_rsync_process();
-               kill_process(rsync_pid);
-               kill_process(rm_pid);
-               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-       case SIGHUP:
-               handle_sighup();
-               ret = 1;
-               break;
-       case SIGCHLD:
-               ret = reap_child(&pid, &status);
-               if (ret <= 0)
-                       break;
-               assert(pid == rsync_pid || pid == rm_pid);
-               if (pid == rsync_pid)
-                       ret = handle_rsync_exit(status);
-               else
-                       ret = handle_rm_exit(status);
-       }
-out:
-       if (ret < 0)
-               log_err_msg(ERROR, -ret);
-}
-
-int get_oldest(const char *dirname, void *private)
-{
-       struct edge_snapshot_data *esd = private;
-       struct snapshot s;
-       int ret = is_snapshot(dirname, esd->now, &s);
-
-       if (ret <= 0)
-               return 1;
-       if (s.creation_time > esd->snap.creation_time)
-               return 1;
-       free(esd->snap.name);
-       esd->snap = s;
-       return 1;
-}
-
-int remove_oldest_snapshot()
+static int create_snapshot(char **argv)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct edge_snapshot_data esd = {
-               .now = get_current_time(),
-               .snap = {.creation_time = LLONG_MAX}
-       };
-       for_each_subdir(get_oldest, &esd);
-       if (!esd.snap.name) /* no snapshot found */
-               return 0;
-       DSS_INFO_LOG("oldest snapshot: %s\n", esd.snap.name);
-       ret = 0;
-       if (esd.snap.creation_time == current_snapshot_creation_time)
-               goto out; /* do not remove the snapshot currently being created */
-       ret = remove_snapshot(&esd.snap);
-out:
-       free(esd.snap.name);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* TODO: Also consider number of inodes. */
-int disk_space_low(void)
-{
-       struct disk_space ds;
-       int ret = get_disk_space(".", &ds);
+       int ret, fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
 
+       ret = rename_resume_snap(current_snapshot_creation_time);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
-       if (conf.min_free_mb_arg)
-               if (ds.free_mb < conf.min_free_mb_arg)
-                       return 1;
-       if (conf.min_free_percent_arg)
-               if (ds.percent_free < conf.min_free_percent_arg)
-                       return 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int try_to_free_disk_space(int low_disk_space, struct snapshot_list *sl)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = remove_outdated_snapshot(sl);
-       if (ret) /* error, or we are removing something */
-               return ret;
-       /* no outdated snapshot */
-       ret = remove_redundant_snapshot(sl);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       if (!low_disk_space)
-               return 0;
-       DSS_WARNING_LOG("disk space low and nothing obvious to remove\n");
-       ret = remove_oldest_snapshot();
-       if (ret)
+       ret = dss_exec(&create_pid, argv[0], argv, fds);
+       if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
-       make_err_msg("uhuhu: not enough disk space for a single snapshot");
-       return  -ENOSPC;
+       snapshot_creation_status = HS_RUNNING;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int select_loop(void)
+static int select_loop(void)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct timeval tv = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 0};
-       struct snapshot_list sl = {.num_snapshots = 0};
+       /* check every 60 seconds for free disk space */
+       struct timeval tv;
+       char **rsync_argv = NULL;
 
        for (;;) {
-               struct timeval now, *tvp = &tv;
                fd_set rfds;
-               int low_disk_space;
-               char **rsync_argv;
+               struct timeval *tvp;
 
-               free_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               get_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               compute_next_snapshot_time(&sl);
+               if (remove_pid)
+                       tvp = NULL; /* sleep until rm hook/process dies */
+               else { /* sleep one minute */
+                       tv.tv_sec = 60;
+                       tv.tv_usec = 0;
+                       tvp = &tv;
+               }
                FD_ZERO(&rfds);
                FD_SET(signal_pipe, &rfds);
-               if (rsync_pid)
-                       tv.tv_sec = 60;
-               else if (rm_pid)
-                       tvp = NULL;
                ret = dss_select(signal_pipe + 1, &rfds, NULL, tvp);
                if (ret < 0)
-                       return ret;
+                       goto out;
                if (FD_ISSET(signal_pipe, &rfds)) {
-                       handle_signal();
+                       ret = handle_signal();
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
+               }
+               if (remove_pid)
+                       continue;
+               if (snapshot_removal_status == HS_PRE_SUCCESS) {
+                       ret = exec_rm();
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
                        continue;
                }
-               if (rm_pid)
+               if (snapshot_removal_status == HS_SUCCESS) {
+                       ret = post_remove_hook();
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
                        continue;
-               ret = disk_space_low();
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       break;
-               low_disk_space = ret;
-               if (low_disk_space)
-                       stop_rsync_process();
-               ret = try_to_free_disk_space(low_disk_space, &sl);
+               }
+               ret = try_to_free_disk_space();
                if (ret < 0)
-                       break;
-               if (rm_pid)
-                       continue;
-               if (rsync_pid) {
-                       restart_rsync_process();
+                       goto out;
+               if (snapshot_removal_status != HS_READY) {
+                       stop_create_process();
                        continue;
                }
-               /* neither rsync nor rm are running. Start rsync? */
-               gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-               if (tv_diff(&next_snapshot_time, &now, &tv) > 0)
+               restart_create_process();
+               switch (snapshot_creation_status) {
+               case HS_READY:
+                       if (!next_snapshot_is_due())
+                               continue;
+                       ret = pre_create_hook();
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
                        continue;
-               create_rsync_argv(&rsync_argv, &current_snapshot_creation_time);
-               ret = create_snapshot(rsync_argv);
-               free_rsync_argv(rsync_argv);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       break;
+               case HS_PRE_RUNNING:
+               case HS_RUNNING:
+               case HS_POST_RUNNING:
+                       continue;
+               case HS_PRE_SUCCESS:
+                       if (!name_of_reference_snapshot) {
+                               free_rsync_argv(rsync_argv);
+                               create_rsync_argv(&rsync_argv, &current_snapshot_creation_time);
+                       }
+                       ret = create_snapshot(rsync_argv);
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
+                       continue;
+               case HS_NEEDS_RESTART:
+                       if (!next_snapshot_is_due())
+                               continue;
+                       ret = create_snapshot(rsync_argv);
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
+                       continue;
+               case HS_SUCCESS:
+                       ret = post_create_hook();
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               goto out;
+                       continue;
+               }
        }
-       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
+out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-int com_run(void)
+static void exit_hook(int exit_code)
+{
+       int fds[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       char *argv[] = {conf.exit_hook_arg, dss_strerror(-exit_code), NULL};
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       DSS_NOTICE_LOG("executing %s %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
+       dss_exec(&pid, conf.exit_hook_arg, argv, fds);
+}
+
+static int com_run(void)
 {
        int ret;
 
        if (conf.dry_run_given) {
-               make_err_msg("dry_run not supported by this command");
+               DSS_ERROR_LOG("dry_run not supported by this command\n");
                return -E_SYNTAX;
        }
        ret = install_sighandler(SIGHUP);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
-       return select_loop();
-}
-
-void log_disk_space(struct disk_space *ds)
-{
-       DSS_INFO_LOG("free: %uM/%uM (%u%%), %u%% inodes unused\n",
-               ds->free_mb, ds->total_mb, ds->percent_free,
-               ds->percent_free_inodes);
+       ret = select_loop();
+       if (ret >= 0) /* impossible */
+               ret = -E_BUG;
+       exit_hook(ret);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int com_prune(void)
+static int com_prune(void)
 {
        int ret;
        struct snapshot_list sl;
+       struct snapshot *victim;
        struct disk_space ds;
+       const char *why;
 
        ret = get_disk_space(".", &ds);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
        log_disk_space(&ds);
-       for (;;) {
-               get_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               ret = remove_outdated_snapshot(&sl);
-               free_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       return ret;
-               if (!ret)
-                       break;
-               ret = wait_for_rm_process();
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       goto out;
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       why = "outdated";
+       victim = find_outdated_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto rm;
+       why = "redundant";
+       victim = find_redundant_snapshot(&sl);
+       if (victim)
+               goto rm;
+       ret = 0;
+       goto out;
+rm:
+       if (conf.dry_run_given) {
+               dss_msg("%s snapshot %s (interval = %i)\n",
+                       why, victim->name, victim->interval);
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out;
        }
-       for (;;) {
-               get_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               ret = remove_redundant_snapshot(&sl);
-               free_snapshot_list(&sl);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       return ret;
-               if (!ret)
-                       break;
-               ret = wait_for_rm_process();
+       ret = pre_remove_hook(victim, why);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       if (snapshot_removal_status == HS_PRE_RUNNING) {
+               ret = wait_for_remove_process();
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
+               if (snapshot_removal_status != HS_PRE_SUCCESS)
+                       goto out;
        }
-       return 1;
+       ret = exec_rm();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       ret = wait_for_remove_process();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       if (snapshot_removal_status != HS_SUCCESS)
+               goto out;
+       ret = post_remove_hook();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       if (snapshot_removal_status != HS_POST_RUNNING)
+               goto out;
+       ret = wait_for_remove_process();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       ret = 1;
 out:
+       free_snapshot_list(&sl);
        return ret;
 }
 
-int com_create(void)
+static int com_create(void)
 {
        int ret, status;
        char **rsync_argv;
 
-       create_rsync_argv(&rsync_argv, &current_snapshot_creation_time);
        if (conf.dry_run_given) {
                int i;
                char *msg = NULL;
+               create_rsync_argv(&rsync_argv, &current_snapshot_creation_time);
                for (i = 0; rsync_argv[i]; i++) {
                        char *tmp = msg;
                        msg = make_message("%s%s%s", tmp? tmp : "",
                                tmp? " " : "", rsync_argv[i]);
                        free(tmp);
                }
+               free_rsync_argv(rsync_argv);
                dss_msg("%s\n", msg);
                free(msg);
                return 1;
        }
+       ret = pre_create_hook();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return ret;
+       if (create_pid) {
+               ret = wait_for_process(create_pid, &status);
+               if (ret < 0)
+                       return ret;
+               ret = handle_pre_create_hook_exit(status);
+               if (ret <= 0) /* error, or pre-create failed */
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       create_rsync_argv(&rsync_argv, &current_snapshot_creation_time);
        ret = create_snapshot(rsync_argv);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
-       ret = wait_for_process(rsync_pid, &status);
+       ret = wait_for_process(create_pid, &status);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        ret = handle_rsync_exit(status);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       post_create_hook();
+       if (create_pid)
+               ret = wait_for_process(create_pid, &status);
 out:
        free_rsync_argv(rsync_argv);
        return ret;
 }
 
-int com_ls(void)
+static int com_ls(void)
 {
        int i;
        struct snapshot_list sl;
        struct snapshot *s;
-       get_snapshot_list(&sl);
-       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, &sl)
-               dss_msg("%u\t%s\n", s->interval, s->name);
+
+       dss_get_snapshot_list(&sl);
+       FOR_EACH_SNAPSHOT(s, i, &sl) {
+               int64_t d = 0;
+               if (s->flags & SS_COMPLETE)
+                       d = (s->completion_time - s->creation_time) / 60;
+               dss_msg("%u\t%s\t%3" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 "\n", s->interval, s->name, d/60, d%60);
+       };
        free_snapshot_list(&sl);
        return 1;
 }
 
-__noreturn void clean_exit(int status)
-{
-       free(dss_error_txt);
-       exit(status);
-}
-static void setup_signal_handling(void)
+static int setup_signal_handling(void)
 {
        int ret;
 
@@ -1075,19 +1408,19 @@ static void setup_signal_handling(void)
        signal_pipe = signal_init(); /* always successful */
        ret = install_sighandler(SIGINT);
        if (ret < 0)
-               goto err;
+               return ret;
        ret = install_sighandler(SIGTERM);
        if (ret < 0)
-               goto err;
-       ret = install_sighandler(SIGCHLD);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               goto err;
-       return;
-err:
-       DSS_EMERG_LOG("could not install signal handlers\n");
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+               return ret;
+       return install_sighandler(SIGCHLD);
 }
 
+/**
+ * The main function of dss.
+ *
+ * \param argc Usual argument count.
+ * \param argv Usual argument vector.
+ */
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
        int ret;
@@ -1095,17 +1428,40 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                .override = 0,
                .initialize = 1,
                .check_required = 0,
-               .check_ambiguity = 0
+               .check_ambiguity = 0,
+               .print_errors = 1
        };
 
        cmdline_parser_ext(argc, argv, &conf, &params); /* aborts on errors */
-       parse_config_file(0);
-
+       ret = parse_config_file(0);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       if (ret == 0) { /* no config file given */
+               /*
+                * Parse the command line options again, but this time check
+                * that all required options are given.
+                */
+               params = (struct cmdline_parser_params) {
+                       .override = 1,
+                       .initialize = 1,
+                       .check_required = 1,
+                       .check_ambiguity = 1,
+                       .print_errors = 1
+               };
+               cmdline_parser_ext(argc, argv, &conf, &params); /* aborts on errors */
+       }
        if (conf.daemon_given)
                daemon_init();
-       setup_signal_handling();
+       ret = change_to_dest_dir();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
+       dump_dss_config("startup");
+       ret = setup_signal_handling();
+       if (ret < 0)
+               goto out;
        ret = call_command_handler();
+out:
        if (ret < 0)
-               log_err_msg(EMERG, -ret);
-       clean_exit(ret >= 0? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
+               DSS_EMERG_LOG("%s\n", dss_strerror(-ret));
+       exit(ret >= 0? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
 }