[paraslash.git] / string.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Andre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
 *
 *     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *     (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *     GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *     Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111, USA.
 */

/** \file string.c memory allocation and string handling functions */

#include "para.h"
#include "string.h"

#include <sys/time.h> /* gettimeofday */
#include <regex.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h> /* uname() */
#include <string.h>

#include "error.h"

/**
 * paraslash's version of realloc()
 *
 * \param p pointer to the memory block, may be NULL
 * \param size desired new size
 *
 * A wrapper for realloc(3). It calls \p exit(\p EXIT_FAILURE) on errors,
 * i.e. there is no need to check the return value in the caller.
 *
 * \return A pointer to  the newly allocated memory, which is suitably aligned
 * for any kind of variable and may be different from \p p.
 *
 * \sa realloc(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc void *para_realloc(void *p, size_t size)
{
        /*
         * No need to check for NULL pointers: If p is NULL, the  call
         * to realloc is equivalent to malloc(size)
         */
        if (!(p = realloc(p, size))) {
                PARA_EMERG_LOG("%s", "realloc failed, aborting\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        return p;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of malloc()
 *
 * \param size desired new size
 *
 * A wrapper for malloc(3) which exits on errors.
 *
 * \return A pointer to the allocated memory, which is suitably aligned for any
 * kind  of variable.
 *
 * \sa malloc(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc void *para_malloc(size_t size)
{
        void *p = malloc(size);

        if (!p) {
                PARA_EMERG_LOG("%s", "malloc failed, aborting\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        return p;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of calloc()
 *
 * \param size desired new size
 *
 * A wrapper for calloc(3) which exits on errors.
 *
 * A pointer to the allocated and zeroed-out memory, which is suitably aligned
 * for any kind  of variable.
 *
 * \sa calloc(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc void *para_calloc(size_t size)
{
        void *ret = para_malloc(size);

        memset(ret, 0, size);
        return ret;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of strdup()
 *
 * \param s string to be duplicated
 *
 * A wrapper for strdup(3). It calls exit(EXIT_FAILURE) on errors, i.e. there
 * is no need to check the return value in the caller.
 *
 * \return A pointer to the duplicated string. If \p s was the NULL pointer,
 * an pointer to an empty string is returned.
 *
 * \sa strdup(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_strdup(const char *s)
{
        char *ret;

        if ((ret = strdup(s? s: "")))
                return ret;
        PARA_EMERG_LOG("%s", "strdup failed, aborting\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/**
 * allocate a sufficiently large string and print into it
 *
 * \param fmt usual format string
 *
 * Produce output according to \p fmt. No artificial bound on the length of the
 * resulting string is imposed.
 *
 * \return This function either returns a pointer to a string that must be
 * freed by the caller or aborts without returning.
 *
 * \sa printf(3)
 */
__must_check __printf_1_2 __malloc char *make_message(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        char *msg;

        PARA_VSPRINTF(fmt, msg);
        return msg;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of strcat()
 *
 * \param a string to be appended to
 * \param b string to append
 *
 * Append \p b to \p a.
 *
 * \return If \p a is NULL, return a pointer to a copy of \p b, i.e.
 * para_strcat(NULL, b) is equivalent to para_strdup(b). If \p b is NULL,
 * return \p a without making a copy of \p a.  Otherwise, construct the
 * concatenation \p c, free \p a (but not \p b) and return \p c.
 *
 * \sa strcat(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_strcat(char *a, const char *b)
{
        char *tmp;

        if (!a)
                return para_strdup(b);
        if (!b)
                return a;
        tmp = make_message("%s%s", a, b);
        free(a);
        return tmp;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of dirname()
 *
 * \param name pointer to the full path
 *
 * Compute the directory component of \p name
 *
 * \return If \p name is \þ NULL or the empty string, return \p NULL.
 * Otherwise, Make a copy of \p name and return its directory component. Caller
 * is responsible to free the result.
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_dirname(const char *name)
{
        char *p, *ret;

        if (!name || !*name)
                return NULL;
        ret = para_strdup(name);
        p = strrchr(ret, '/');
        if (!p)
                *ret = '\0';
        else
                *p = '\0';
        return ret;
}

/**
 * paraslash's version of basename()
 *
 * \param name Pointer to the full path
 *
 * Compute the filename component of \p name
 *
 * \return If \p name is \p NULL or the empty string, return \p NULL,
 * Otherwise, make a copy of \p name and return its filename component. Caller
 * is responsible to free the result.
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_basename(const char *name)
{
        char *p;

        if (!name || !*name)
                return NULL;
        p = strrchr(name, '/');
        if (!p)
                return para_strdup(name);
        p++;
        if (!*p)
                return NULL;
        return para_strdup(p);
}

/**
 * simple search and replace routine
 *
 * \param src source string
 * \param macro_name the name of the macro
 * \param replacement the replacement format string
 *
 * In \p src, replace each occurence of \p macro_name(arg) by the string
 * determined by the \p replacement format string. \p replacement may (but
 * needs not) contain a single string conversion specifier (%s) which gets
 * replaced by \p arg.
 *
 * \return A string in which all matches in \p src are replaced, or \p NULL if
 * an syntax error was encountered. Caller must free the result.
 *
 * \sa regcomp(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc char *s_a_r(const char *src, const char* macro_name,
                const char *replacement)
{
        regex_t preg;
        size_t  nmatch = 1;
        regmatch_t pmatch[1];
        int eflags = 0;
        char *dest = NULL;
        const char *bufptr = src;

        if (!macro_name || !replacement || !src)
                return para_strdup(src);
        regcomp(&preg, macro_name, 0);
        while (regexec(&preg,  bufptr, nmatch, pmatch, eflags)
                        != REG_NOMATCH) {
                char *tmp, *arg, *o_bracket, *c_bracket;

                o_bracket = strchr(bufptr + pmatch[0].rm_so, '(');
                c_bracket = o_bracket? strchr(o_bracket, ')') : NULL;
                if (!c_bracket)
                        goto out;
                tmp = para_strdup(bufptr);
                tmp[pmatch[0].rm_so] = '\0';
                dest = para_strcat(dest, tmp);
                free(tmp);

                arg = para_strdup(o_bracket + 1);
                arg[c_bracket - o_bracket - 1] = '\0';
                tmp = make_message(replacement, arg);
                free(arg);
                dest = para_strcat(dest, tmp);
                free(tmp);
                bufptr = c_bracket;
                bufptr++;
        }
        dest = para_strcat(dest, bufptr);
//      PARA_DEBUG_LOG("%s: returning %s\n", __func__, dest);
out:
        regfree(&preg);
        return dest;
}

/**
 * replace a string according to a list of macros
 *
 * \param macro_list the array containing a macro/replacement pairs.
 * \param src the source string
 *
 * This function just calls s_a_r() for each element of \p macro_list.
 *
 * \return \p NULL if one of the underlying calls to \p s_a_r returned \p NULL.
 * Otherwise the completely expanded version of \p src is returned.
 */
__must_check __malloc char *s_a_r_list(struct para_macro *macro_list, char *src)
{
        struct para_macro *mp = macro_list;
        char *ret = NULL, *tmp = para_strdup(src);

        while (mp->name) {
                ret = s_a_r(tmp, mp->name, mp->replacement);
                free(tmp);
                if (!ret) /* syntax error */
                        return NULL;
                tmp = ret;
                mp++;
        }
        //PARA_DEBUG_LOG("%s: returning %s\n", __func__, dest);
        return ret;
}

/**
 * cut trailing newline
 *
 * \param buf the string to be chopped.
 *
 * Replace the last character in \p buf by zero if it is euqal to
 * the newline character.
 */
void chop(char *buf)
{
        int n = strlen(buf);
        if (!n)
                return;
        if (buf[n - 1] == '\n')
                buf[n - 1] = '\0';
}

/**
 * get a random filename
 *
 * This is by no means a secure way to create temporary files in a hostile
 * direcory like \p /tmp. However, it is OK to use for temp files, fifos,
 * sockets that are created in ~/.paraslash. Result must be freed by the
 * caller.
 *
 * \return a pointer to a random filename.
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_tmpname(void)
{
        struct timeval now;
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
        srand(now.tv_usec);
        return make_message("%08i", rand());
}

/**
 * create unique temporary file
 *
 * \param template the template to be passed to mkstemp()
 * \param mode the desired mode of the tempfile
 *
 * This wrapper for mkstemp additionally uses fchmod() to
 * set the given mode of the tempfile if mkstemp() returned success.
 *
 * \return The file descriptor of the temp file just created on success.
 * On errors, -E_MKSTEMP or -E_FCHMOD is returned.
 */
__must_check int para_mkstemp(char *template, mode_t mode)
{
        int tmp, fd = mkstemp(template);

        if (fd < 0)
                return -E_MKSTEMP;
        tmp = fchmod(fd, mode);
        if (tmp >= 0)
                return fd;
        close(fd);
        unlink(template);
        return -E_FCHMOD;
}

/**
 * get the logname of the current user
 *
 * \return A dynammically allocated string that must be freed by the caller. On
 * errors, the string "unknown user" is returned, i.e. this function never
 * returns NULL.
 *
 * \sa getpwuid(3)
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_logname(void)
{
        struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
        return para_strdup(pw? pw->pw_name : "unknown_user");
}

/**
 * get the home directory of the current user
 *
 * \return A dynammically allocated string that must be freed by the caller. If
 * the home directory could not be found, this function returns "/tmp".
 */
__must_check __malloc char *para_homedir(void)
{
        struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
        return para_strdup(pw? pw->pw_dir : "/tmp");
}

/**
 * split string and return pointers to its parts.
 *
 * \param args the string to be split
 * \param argv_ptr  pointer to the list of substrings
 * \param delim delimiter
 *
 * This function modifies \p args by replacing each occurance of \p delim by
 * zero. A NULL-terminated array of pointers to char* is allocated dynamically
 * and these pointers are initialized to point to the broken-up substrings
 * within \p args. A pointer to this array is returned via \p argv_ptr. It's OK
 * to call this function with \p args \p == \p NULL.
 *
 * \return The number of substrings found in \p args.
 */
__must_check unsigned split_args(char *args, char ***argv_ptr, const char *delim)
{
        char *p = args;
        char **argv;
        size_t n = 0, i, j;

        p = args + strspn(args, delim);
        for (;;) {
                i = strcspn(p, delim);
                if (!i)
                        break;
                p += i;
                n++;
                p += strspn(p, delim);
        }
        *argv_ptr = para_malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(char *));
        argv = *argv_ptr;
        i = 0;
        p = args + strspn(args, delim);
        while (p) {
                argv[i] = p;
                j = strcspn(p, delim);
                if (!j)
                        break;
                p += strcspn(p, delim);
                if (*p) {
                        *p = '\0';
                        p++;
                        p += strspn(p, delim);
                }
                i++;
        }
        argv[n] = NULL;
        return n;
}

/**
 * ensure that file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 are valid
 *
 * Common approach that opens /dev/null until it gets a file descriptor greater
 * than two.
 *
 * \sa okir's Black Hats Manual.
 */
void valid_fd_012(void)
{
        while (1) {
        int     fd;

                fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
                if (fd < 0)
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                if (fd > 2) {
                        close(fd);
                        break;
                }
        }
}

/**
 * get the own hostname
 *
 * \return A dynammically allocated string containing the hostname.
 *
 * \sa uname(2)
 */
__malloc char *para_hostname(void)
{
        struct utsname u;

        uname(&u);
        return para_strdup(u.nodename);
}