Merge topic branch t/fd into master

A rash of patches which clean up a good part of fd.c. Nothing major
here, mostly simplifications and documentation improvements.

* refs/heads/t/fd:
  fd: Simplify and move for_each_file_in_dir().
  fd.c: Improve error checking of para_mkdir().
  fd: Revamp para_mkdir().
  fd: Improve read_pattern(), rename it to read_and_compare().
  fd: Remove log message from para_munmap().
  fd: Open-code para_chdir().
  fd: Remove file_exists().
  fd: Improve documentation of xwritev().
  fd: Improve documentation of write_all().
  fd: Improve documentation of write_va_buffer().