+int para_listen(unsigned l4type, uint16_t port, struct flowopts *fo)
+{
+ int ret, fd = makesock(l4type, 1, NULL, port, fo);
+
+ if (fd > 0) {
+ ret = listen(fd, BACKLOG);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ ret = errno;
+ close(fd);
+ return -ERRNO_TO_PARA_ERROR(ret);
+ }
+ PARA_INFO_LOG("listening on %s port %u, fd %d\n",
+ layer4_name(l4type), port, fd);
+ }
+ return fd;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine IPv4/v6 socket address length.
+ * \param sa Container of IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+ * \return Address-family dependent address length.
+ */
+static socklen_t salen(const struct sockaddr *sa)
+{
+ assert(sa->sa_family == AF_INET || sa->sa_family == AF_INET6);
+
+ return sa->sa_family == AF_INET6
+ ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
+ : sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+}
+
+/** True if @ss holds a v6-mapped-v4 address (RFC 4291, 2.5.5.2) */
+static bool SS_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(const struct sockaddr_storage *ss)
+{
+ const struct sockaddr_in6 *ia6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)ss;
+
+ return ss->ss_family == AF_INET6 && IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&ia6->sin6_addr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process IPv4/v6 address, turn v6-mapped-v4 address into normal IPv4 address.
+ * \param ss Container of IPv4/6 address.
+ * \return Pointer to normalized address (may be static storage).
+ *
+ * \sa RFC 3493
+ */
+static const struct sockaddr *
+normalize_ip_address(const struct sockaddr_storage *ss)
+{
+ assert(ss->ss_family == AF_INET || ss->ss_family == AF_INET6);
+
+ if (SS_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(ss)) {
+ const struct sockaddr_in6 *ia6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)ss;
+ static struct sockaddr_in ia;
+
+ ia.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ ia.sin_port = ia6->sin6_port;
+ memcpy(&ia.sin_addr.s_addr, &(ia6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[12]), 4);
+ return (const struct sockaddr *)&ia;
+ }
+ return (const struct sockaddr *)ss;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generic/fallback MTU values
+ *
+ * These are taken from RFC 1122, RFC 2460, and RFC 5405.
+ * - RFC 1122, 3.3.3 defines EMTU_S ("Effective MTU for sending") and recommends
+ * to use an EMTU_S size of of 576 bytes if the IPv4 path MTU is unknown;
+ * - RFC 2460, 5. requires a minimum IPv6 MTU of 1280 bytes;
+ * - RFC 5405, 3.2 recommends that if path MTU discovery is not done,
+ * UDP senders should use the respective minimum values of EMTU_S.
+ */
+static inline int generic_mtu(const int af_type)
+{
+ return af_type == AF_INET6 ? 1280 : 576;
+}
+
+/** Crude approximation of IP header overhead - neglecting options. */
+static inline int estimated_header_overhead(const int af_type)
+{
+ return af_type == AF_INET6 ? 40 : 20;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the maximum transport-layer message size (MMS_S).
+ *
+ * \param sockfd The socket file descriptor.
+ *
+ * The socket must be connected. See RFC 1122, 3.3.3. If the protocol familiy
+ * could not be determined, \p AF_INET is assumed.
+ *
+ * \return The maximum message size of the address family type.
+ */
+int generic_max_transport_msg_size(int sockfd)
+{
+ struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+ socklen_t sslen = sizeof(ss);
+ int af_type = AF_INET;
+
+ if (getpeername(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &sslen) < 0) {
+ PARA_ERROR_LOG("can not determine remote address type: %s\n",
+ strerror(errno));
+ } else if (!SS_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&ss)) {
+ af_type = ss.ss_family;
+ }
+ return generic_mtu(af_type) - estimated_header_overhead(af_type);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Look up the local or remote side of a connected socket structure.
+ *
+ * \param fd The socket descriptor of the connected socket.
+ * \param getname Either \p getsockname() for local, or \p getpeername() for
+ * remote side.
+ *
+ * \return A static character string identifying hostname and port of the
+ * chosen side in numeric host:port format.
+ *
+ * \sa getsockname(2), getpeername(2), parse_url(), getnameinfo(3),
+ * services(5), nsswitch.conf(5).
+ */
+static char *__get_sock_name(int fd, typeof(getsockname) getname)