--- /dev/null
+static inline uint64_t read_portable(unsigned bits, const char *buf)
+{
+ uint64_t ret = 0;
+ int i, num_bytes = bits / 8;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++) {
+ unsigned char c = buf[i];
+ ret += ((uint64_t)c << (8 * i));
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t read_u64(const char *buf)
+{
+ return read_portable(64, buf);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t read_u32(const char *buf)
+{
+ return read_portable(32, buf);
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t read_u16(const char *buf)
+{
+ return read_portable(16, buf);
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t read_u8(const char *buf)
+{
+ return read_portable(8, buf);
+}
+
+static inline void write_portable(unsigned bits, char *buf, uint64_t val)
+{
+ int i, num_bytes = bits / 8;
+// fprintf(stderr, "val: %lu\n", val);
+ for (i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++) {
+ buf[i] = val & 0xff;
+// fprintf(stderr, "buf[%d]=%x\n", i, buf[i]);
+ val = val >> 8;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline void write_u64(char *buf, uint64_t val)
+{
+ write_portable(64, buf, val);
+}
+
+static inline void write_u32(char *buf, uint32_t val)
+{
+ write_portable(32, buf, (uint64_t) val);
+}
+
+static inline void write_u16(char *buf, uint16_t val)
+{
+ write_portable(16, buf, (uint64_t) val);
+}
+
+static inline void write_u8(char *buf, uint8_t val)
+{
+ write_portable(8, buf, (uint64_t) val);
+}